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International Morse code writes every letter and number as a short pattern of dots and dashes. This chart lists all twenty-six letters and ten digits, and the timing rules that keep a message readable: a dash is three dots long, and the gaps between letters and words are three and seven units.
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Letters and numbers in dots and dashes, with the timing that makes them readable.
| Character | Code | Dots and dashes |
|---|---|---|
| A | ● ▬ | .– |
| B | ▬ ● ● ● | –... |
| C | ▬ ● ▬ ● | –.–. |
| D | ▬ ● ● | –.. |
| E | ● | . |
| F | ● ● ▬ ● | ..–. |
| G | ▬ ▬ ● | ––. |
| H | ● ● ● ● | .... |
| I | ● ● | .. |
| J | ● ▬ ▬ ▬ | .––– |
| K | ▬ ● ▬ | –.– |
| L | ● ▬ ● ● | .–.. |
| M | ▬ ▬ | –– |
| N | ▬ ● | –. |
| O | ▬ ▬ ▬ | ––– |
| P | ● ▬ ▬ ● | .––. |
| Q | ▬ ▬ ● ▬ | ––.– |
| R | ● ▬ ● | .–. |
| S | ● ● ● | ... |
| T | ▬ | – |
| U | ● ● ▬ | ..– |
| V | ● ● ● ▬ | ...– |
| W | ● ▬ ▬ | .–– |
| X | ▬ ● ● ▬ | –..– |
| Y | ▬ ● ▬ ▬ | –.–– |
| Z | ▬ ▬ ● ● | ––.. |
| 1 | ● ▬ ▬ ▬ ▬ | .–––– |
| 2 | ● ● ▬ ▬ ▬ | ..––– |
| 3 | ● ● ● ▬ ▬ | ...–– |
| 4 | ● ● ● ● ▬ | ....– |
| 5 | ● ● ● ● ● | ..... |
| 6 | ▬ ● ● ● ● | –.... |
| 7 | ▬ ▬ ● ● ● | ––... |
| 8 | ▬ ▬ ▬ ● ● | –––.. |
| 9 | ▬ ▬ ▬ ▬ ● | ––––. |
| 0 | ▬ ▬ ▬ ▬ ▬ | ––––– |
| Element | Length |
|---|---|
| dot | 1 unit |
| dash | 3 units |
| gap inside a letter | 1 unit |
| gap between letters | 3 units |
| gap between words | 7 units |
“AT E”: the letter gap is 3 units, the word gap 7
International Morse code as standardised by the ITU (Recommendation ITU-R M.1677-1).
The distress call SOS is sent as one unbroken signal, with no gaps between its letters.